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Prof. Dr. med. univ. Gerold Schuler
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Research Interests:
IMMUNOLOGY / DENDRITIC CELLS (DC)
Dendritic Cells (DC) are leukocytes specialized to initiate immune responses. DC were ignored over many years following their discovery by R.M. Steinman and Z. Cohn but are now in the focus of immunological research due to their role in T cell-mediated immunity and clinical immunology (immunity to tumors, resistance to infections, allergy, pathogenesis of HIV-infection, transplantation, tolerance and autoimmunity). We have been working for several years to elucidate the biology of these cells and have developed methods to generate DC from hematopoietic precursors (patents pending).
This knowledge is now employed to adress a number of issues:
Use of antigen-charged DC for immunotherapy of malignant melanoma and HIV-infection (two clinical trials have been finished, several ones are under way)
Identification of novel DC-restricted molecules by molecular biology approaches
Induction of tolerance using DC
Allergy, notably to drugs and latex
MALIGNANT MELANOMA
We are exploring novel approaches employing antigen-charged dendritic cells to induce immunity in vivo (see above).
Selected References:
Schierer S, Hesse A, Knippertz I, Kaempgen E, Baur AS, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A, Nettelbeck DM. Human dendritic cells efficiently phagocytose adenoviral oncolysate but require additional stimulation to mature. Int J Cancer. 2012 Apr 1;130(7):1682-94
Schuler G. Ralph M. Steinman (1943-2011) Obituary. Eur J Immunol. 2011,41(12):3394-95
Banchereau J, Cohn F, Inaba K, Muller B, Mellman I, Nathan C, Nussenzweig M, O'Garra A, Seder B, Schuler G, Sher A. Remembering Ralph Steinman. J Exp Med. 2011 Nov 21;208(12):2343-7
Hofmann C, Höfflin S, Hückelhoven A, Bergmann S, Harrer E, Schuler G, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Harrer T. Human T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs) specific for HIV-1 recognize both epitopes. Blood. 2011 Nov 10;118(19):5174-7.
Schuler G. Dendritic Cells Indispensable? Cancer J. 2011 Sep;17(5):337-42
Hohnheiser AM, Gefeller O, Göhl J, Schuler G, Hohenberger W, Merkel S. Malignant Melanoma of the Skin: Long-term Follow-up and Time to First Recurrence. World J Surg. 2011 Mar;35(3):580-9
Debey-Pascher S, Hofmann A, Kreusch F, Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B, Schultze JL, Staratschek-Jox A. RNA-stabilized whole blood samples but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be stored for prolonged time periods prior to transcriptome analysis. J Mol Diagn. 2011 Jul;13(4):452-60.
Schierer S, Hesse A, Knippertz I, Kaempgen E, Baur AS, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A, Nettelbeck DM. Human dendritic cells efficiently phagocytose adenoviral oncolysate but require additional stimulation to mature. Int J Cancer. 2011 May 9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26176. [Epub ahead of print]
de Vries IJ, Castelli C, Huygens C, Jacobs JF, Stockis J, Schuler-Thurner B, Adema GJ, Punt CJ, Rivoltini L, Schuler G, Coulie PG, Lucas S. Frequency of circulating Tregs with demethylated FOXP3 intron 1 in melanoma patients receiving tumor vaccines and potentially Treg-depleting agents. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 15;17(4):841-8.
Hauschild A, Weichenthal M, Rass K, Linse R, Berking C, Böttjer J, Vogt T, Spieth K, Eigentler T, Brockmeyer NH, Stein A, Näher H, Schadendorf D, Mohr P, Kaatz M, Tronnier M, Hein R, Schuler G, Egberts F, Garbe C. Efficacy of low-dose interferon {alpha}2a 18 versus 60 months of treatment in patients with primary melanoma of >= 1.5 mm tumor thickness: results of a randomized phase III DeCOG trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(5): 841-6
Schumann K, Lämmermann T, Bruckner M, Legler DF, Polleux J, Spatz JP, Schuler G, Förster R, Lutz MB, Sorokin L, Sixt M. Immobilized chemokine fields and soluble chemokine gradients cooperatively shape migration patterns of dendritic cells. Immunity. 2010;32(5): 703-13
Schuler G. Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40(8): 2123-30
Biburger M, Theiner G, Schädle M, Schuler G, Tiegs G. Pivotal Advance: Heme oxygenase 1 expression by human CD4+ T cells is not sufficient for their development of immunoregulatory capacity. J Leukoc Biol. 2010;87(2): 193-202
Birkholz K, Schwenkert M, Kellner C, Gross S, Fey G, Schuler-Thurner B, Schuler G, Schaft N, Dörrie J. Targeting of DEC-205 on human dendritic cells results in efficient MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation. Blood. 2010;116(13): 2277-85
Ullrich E, Bosch J, Aigner M, Völkl S, Dudziak D, Spriewald B, Schuler G, Andreesen R, Mackensen A. Advances in cellular therapy: 5th International Symposium on the clinical use of cellular products, 19 and 20 March 2009, Nürnberg, Germany. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Nov;59(11):1745-56.
Krug, C ; Birkholz, K ; Hombach, A ; Reuter, S ; Kershaw, M ; Kampgen, E ; Schwenkert, M ; Fey, G ; Schuler, G ; Abken, H ; Dorrie, J ; Schaft, N. Reprogramming T cells with cancer specificity by non-viral transfer of mRNA encoding recombinant immunoreceptors. HUMAN GENE THERAPY, 20 (11): 1531-1531 NOV 2009
Ums, M ; Derow, E ; Lohberg, L ; Schuler, G ; Hartmann, A. Keratinocytes from different compartments of human skin-defining conditions for stem cell protection. HUMAN GENE THERAPY, 20 (11): 1448-1449 NOV 2009
Birkholz, K, Hofmann, C, Hoyer, S, Schulz, B, Harrer, T, Kampgen, E, Schuler, G, Dorrie, J, Schaft, N. A fast and robust method to clone and functionally validate T-cell receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS, 346 (1-2): 45-54 JUL 31 2009.
Knippertz, I, Hesse, A, Schunder, T, Kampgen, E, Brenner, MK, Schuler, G, Steinkasserer, A, Nettelbeck, DM. Generation of Human Dendritic Cells That Simultaneously Secrete IL-12 and Have Migratory Capacity by Adenoviral Gene Transfer of hCD40L in Combination With IFN-gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY, 32 (5): 524-538 JUN 2009
Erfurt, C, Muller, E, Emmerling, S, Klotz, C, Hertl, M, Schuler, G, Schultz, ES. Melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan as a new target antigen for CD4(+) T cells in melanoma patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, 124 (10): 2341-2346 MAY 15 2009
Francois, V, Ottaviani, S, Renkvist, N, Stockis, J, Schuler, G, Thielemans, K, Colau, D, Marchand, M, Boon, T, Lucas, S, van der Bruggen, P. The CD4(+) T-Cell Response of Melanoma Patients to a MAGE-A3 Peptide Vaccine Involves Potential Regulatory T Cells. CANCER RESEARCH, 69 (10): 4335-4345 MAY 15 2009
Birkholz, K, Hombach, A, Krug, C, Reuter, S, Kershaw, M, Kampgen, E, Schuler, G, Abken, H, Schaft, N, Dorrie, J. Transfer of mRNA encoding recombinant immunoreceptors reprograms CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells for use in the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. GENE THERAPY, 16 (5): 596-604 MAY 2009
Gross, S ; Hamann, A ; Leisgang, W ; Hndle, I ; Schuler-Thurner, B ; Schuler, G ; Kampgen, E.
Getting T cells to work EUR+ transforming quantity into quality. EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, 18 (3): 298-298 MAR 2009
Dorrie, J, Schaft, N, Wohn, CT, Wellner, V, Schunder, T, Muller, I, Kaempgen, E, Schuler, G. Lipofection or electroporation of RNA - consequences of different antigen-distribution on immunogenicity. EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, 18 (3): 298-298 MAR 2009
Birkholz, K., Dorrie, J., Schaft, N., Schwenkert, M., Kellner, C., Fey, G. H., and Schuler, G.(2008). DC cancer vaccines: development of new strategies for antigen loading. Experimental Dermatology 17, 259.
Birkholz, K., Hoyer, S., Hofmann, C., Schulz, B., Kaempgen, E., Schuler, G., Schaft, N., and Dorrie, J. (2008). A fast and robust method to clone and test the function of T cell receptors. Experimental Dermatology 17, 258.
Connerotte, T., Van Pel, A., Godelaine, D., Tartour, E., Schuler-Thurner, B., Lucas, S., Thielemans, K., Schuler, G., and Coulie, P. G. (2008). Functions of anti-MAGE T-cells induced in melanoma patients under different vaccination modalities. Cancer Research 68, 3931-3940.
Dorrie, J., Schaft, N., Muller, I., Wellner, V., Schunder, T., Hanig, J., Oostingh, G. J., Schon, M. P., Robert, C., Kampgen, E., and Schuler, G. (2008). Introduction of functional chimeric E/L-selectin by RNA electroporation to target dendritic cells from blood to lymph nodes. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy 57, 467-477.
Dorrie, J., Schaft, N., Wellner, V., Wohn, C., Schunder, T., Muller, I., Kampgen, E., and Schuler, G. (2008). Priming and boosting of melanA-specific T cells - in vitro studies on the importance of antigen-presentation density. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 120, 19.
Erdmann, M., Haendle, I., Schmitt-Haendle, M., Leisgang, W., Trump, S., Wiesinger, M., Theiner, G., Kaempgen, E., Schuler-Thurner, B., and Schuler, G. (2008). Comparison of immune responses after vaccination with tumour-peptide-loaded dendritic cells with or without prior denileukin diftitox treatment in metastasized malignant melanoma. Experimental Dermatology 17, 267.
Erfurt, C., Haendle, I., Schuler-Thurner, B., Thielemanns, K., van der Bruggen, P., Schuler, G., and Schultz, E. (2008). Broad T cell reactivity against a tumour-associated self antigen in melanoma patients and healthy individuals without obvious signs of autoimmunity. Experimental Dermatology 17, 251.
Garbe, C., Hauschild, A., Volkenandt, M., Schadendorf, D., Stolz, W., Reinhold, U., Kortmann, R. D., Kettelhack, C., Frerich, B., Keilholz, U., Dummer, R., Sebastian, G., Tilgenf, W. G., Schuler, G., Mackensen, A., and Kaufmann, R. (2008). Evidence and interdisciplinary consensus-based German guidelines: surgical treatment and radiotherapy of melanoma. Melanoma Research 18, 61-67.
Garbe, C., Schadendorf, D., Stolz, W., Volkenandt, M., Reinhold, U., Kortmann, R. D., Kettelhack, C., Frerich, B., Keilholz, U., Dummer, R., Sebastian, G., Tilgen, W., Schuler, G., Mackensen, A., Kaufmann, R., and Hauschild, A. (2008). Short guidelines - Malignant melanoma of the skin. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 6, S9-S15.
Garbe, C., Hauschild, A., Volkenandt, M., Schadendorf, D., Stolz, W., Reinhold, U., Kortmann, R. D., Kettelhack, C., Frerich, B., Keilholz, U., Dummer, R., Sebastian, G., Tilgen, W., Schuler, G., Mackensen, A., and Kaufmann, R. (2008). Evidence-based and interdisciplinary consensus-based German guidelines: systemic medical treatment of melanoma in the adjuvant and palliative setting. Melanoma Research 18, 152-160.
Haendle, I., Schmitt-Haendle, M., Voland, S., Erdmann, M., Schliep, S., Schaft, N., Doerrie, J., Kaempgen, E., Schuler-Thurner, B., and Schuler, G. (2008). T-cell responses in stage IV melanoma patients vaccinated with dendritic cells electroporated with defined RNA. Experimental Dermatology 17, 263.
Hartmann, A., Derow, E., Ums, M., Pfoch, L., Muller, K., and Schuler, G. (2008). Epidermal transplants made from outer-root-sheath keratinocytes retain stem cell properties superior to human epidermis. Experimental Dermatology 17, 284.
Heise, D., Schmid, M., Schaft, N., Doerrie, J., Schuler, G., and Kaempgen, E. (2008). Are TLR agonists better maturation stimuli for clinically applicable dendritic cell vaccines ? Experimental Dermatology 17, 264.
Hofmann, C., Harrer, T., Eismann, K., Bergmann, S., Schmitt-Haendle, M., Schuler, G., Dorrie, J., and Schaft, N. (2008). Reprogramming CD8+T cells with a HIV-1-specificity by electroporation of TCR-encoding RNA. Experimental Dermatology 17, 259.
Hofmann, C., Harrer, T., Kubesch, V., Maurer, K., Metzner, K. J., Eismann, K., Bergmann, S., Schmitt-Haendle, M., Schuler, G., Dorrie, J., and Schaft, N. (2008). Generation of HIV-1-specific T cells by electroporation of T-cell receptor RNA. Aids 22 , 1577-1582.
Hoyer, S., Birkholz, K., Schuler, G., Dorrie, J., and Schaft, N. (2008). Providing specific T-cell help by electroporation of TCR-encoding RNA intoCD4+T cells. Experimental Dermatology 17, 258.
Jacobi, A., Debus, D., Schuler, G., and Hertl, M. (2008). Infliximab in a patient with refractory mucosal aphthosis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 22, 109-110.
Knippertz, I., Hesse, A., Kaempgen, E., Schuler, G., Steinkasserer, A., and Nettelbeck, D. M. (2008). Induction of IL-12 secretion and migration of human dendritic cells by adenoviral gene transfer of CD40L and combined IFN-gammatreatment. Experimental Dermatology 17, 257.
Maronna, A., Schuler, G., Schell, H., and Simon, M. (2008). Psoriasiform exanthem in a patient with MEN-I-Syndrome - Diagnose: Glukagonomsyndrom (erythema necrolyticum migrans). Hautarzt 59, 144-147.
Mueller, I., Schaft, N., Doerrie, J., Grelle, I., Reiners, C., Becker, J. C., Schuler, G., and Kaempgen, E. (2008). Antigen specific abrogation of immunity using Indium111 labelled dendritic cells. Experimental Dermatology 17, 264.
Schaft, N., Krug, C., Reuter, S., Kosmides, D., Abken, H., Kershaw, M. H., Kaempgen, E., Schuler, G., and Dorrie, I. (2008). Making T cell independent of MHC - electroporation of RNA encoding chimeric T cell receptors. Experimental Dermatology 17, 258.
Schaft, N., Schunder, T., Krug, C., Reuter, S., Kosmides, D., Abken, H., Kershaw, M., Kampgen, E., Schuler, G., and Dorriee, J. (2008). Reprogramming T cells to become MHC independent - electroporation of RNA encoding chimeric antigen receptors. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 120, 8.
Schliep, S., Schuler, G., and Kiesewetter, F. (2008). Successful treatment of calciphylaxis with pamidronate. European Journal of Dermatology 18, 554-556.
Schmitt-Haendle, M., Voland, S., Haendle, I., Kaempgen, E., Schuler-Thurner, B., and Schuler, G. (2008). Naturally occurring T-cell responses against the tumour antigens MageA3, MelanA and Survivin in stage IV melanoma patients. Experimental Dermatology 17, 251.
Schultz, E. S. and Schuler, G. (2008). Immunization strategies for treating melanoma. Hautarzt 59, 785-+.
Theiner, G., Baur, A., Dotterweich, S., Lutz, M., and Schuler, G. (2008). Low doses of denileukin difitox (ONTAK) induce survival of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vitro. Experimental Dermatology 17, 260.
Thumann, P., Topf, S., Feser, A., Erfurt, C., Schuler, G., and Mahler, V. (2008). Digital speech recognition in dermatology. A pilot study with regard to medical and economic aspects. Hautarzt 59, 131-134.
Ums, M., Derow, E., Pfoch, L., Weyandt, G., Friedl, P., Schuler, G., and Hartmann, A. (2008). Keratinocyte stem cells in different compartments of human skin-defining conditions for serial culture. Experimental Dermatology 17, 287.
Erdmann M, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Strasser E, Hendelmeier M, Kämpgen E, Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B
Effective clinical-scale production of dendritic cell vaccines by monocyte elutriation directly in medium, subsequent culture in bags and final antigen loading using peptides or RNA transfection.
J Immunother. 2007;30(6): 663-74
Held G, Wadle A, Dauth N, Stewart-Jones G, Sturm C, Thiel M, Zwick C, Dieckmann D, Schuler G, Hoogenboom HR, Levy F, Cerundolo V, Pfreundschuh M, Renner C.
MHC-peptide-specific antibodies reveal inefficient presentation of an HLA-A*0201-restricted, Melan-A-derived peptide after active intracellular processing.
Eur J Immunol. 2007 Jul;37(7):2008-17.
Humrich JY, Thumann P, Greiner S, Humrich JH, Averbeck M, Schwank C, Kampgen E, Schuler G, Jenne L.
Vaccinia virus impairs directional migration and chemokine receptor switch of human dendritic cells.
Eur J Immunol. 2007 Apr;37(4):954-65.
Wiethe C, Schiemann M, Busch D, Haeberle L, Kopf M, Schuler G, Lutz MB.
Interdependency of MHC class II/self-peptide and CD1d/self-glycolipid presentation by TNF-matured dendritic cells for protection from autoimmunity.
J Immunol. 2007 Apr 15;178(8):4908-16.
Jacobi A, Schuler G, Hertl M
Differential clinical response to alefacept in combination with methotrexate in two patients with refractory palmar psoriasis.
Br J Dermatol. 2007;156(1): 178-80
Erfurt C, Sun Z, Haendle I, Schuler-Thurner B, Heirman C, Thielemans K, van der Bruggen P, Schuler G, Schultz ES.
Tumor-reactive CD4+ T cell responses to the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan in melanoma patients and healthy individuals in the absence of autoimmunity.
J Immunol. 2007 Jun 15;178(12):7703-9.
Schaft,N., Dorrie,J., Muller,I., Wellner,V., Baumann,S., Schunder,T., Kampgen,E., and Schuler,G.
A new way to generate cytolytic tumor-specific T cells: electroporation of RNA coding for a T-cell receptor into T lymphocytes.
Experimental Dermatology 2006. 15: 202.
Dorrie,J., Schaft,N., Muller,I., Wellner,V., Hanig,J., Oostingh,G., Schon,M.P., Robert,C., Kampgen,E., and Schuler,G.
Functional chimeric E/L-selectin expression by RNA transfer into dendritic cell: targeting of dendritic cells from blood to lymph nodes.
Experimental Dermatology 2006. 15: 203.
Erfurt,C., Haendle,I., Kaempgen,E., Thielemans,K., van der Bruggen,P., Schuler,G., and Schultz,E.S.
Melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan: A promising target antigen for cancer immunotherapy?
Experimental Dermatology 2006. 15: 219.
Eming,R., Rech,J., Barth,S., Kalden,J.R., Schuler,G., Harrer,T., and Hertl,M.
Prolonged clinical remission of patients with severe pemphigus upon rapid removal of desmoglein-reactive autoantibodies by immunoadsorption.
Dermatology 2006. 212: 177-187.
Thoma-Uszynski,S., Uter,W., Schwietzke,S., Schuler,G., Borradori,L., and Hertl,M.
Autoreactive T and B cells from bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients recognize epitopes clustered in distinct regions of BP180 and BP230.
Journal of Immunology 2006. 176: 2015-2023.
Humrich,J.Y., Humrich,J.H., Averbeck,M., Thumann,P., Termeer,C., Kampgen,E., Schuler,G., and Jenne,L.
Mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells respond more strongly to CCL19 than to CXCL12: consequences for directional migration.
Immunology 2006. 117: 238-247.
Jacobi,A., Schuler,G., and Hertl,M.
Differential clinical response to alefacept in combination with methotrexate in two patients with refractory palmar psoriasis.
British Journal of Dermatology 2007. 156: 178-180.
Jacobi,A., Mahler,V., Schuler,G., and Hertl,M.
Treatment of inflammatory dermatoses by tumour necrosis factor antagonists.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2006. 20: 1171-1187.
Greiner,S., Humrich,J.Y., Thuman,P., Sauter,B., Schuler,G., and Jenne,L.
The highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain modified virus Ankara induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and allows bystander dendritic cells to generate a potent anti-tumoral immunity.
Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2006. 146: 344-353.
Feser,A., Schuler,G., Simon,M., and Luftl,M.
Impaired wound healing with chronic fistula formation.
Hautarzt 2006. 57: 814-817.
Baumjohann,D., Hess,A., Budinsky,L., Brune,K., Schuler,G., and Lutz,M.B.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of dendritic cell migration into the draining lymph nodes of mice.
European Journal of Immunology 2006. 36: 2544-2555.
Coors,E.A., Schuler,G., and den Driesch,P.
Topical imiquimod as treatment for different kinds of cutaneous lymphoma.
European Journal of Dermatology 2006. 16: 391-393.
Erfurt,C., Lueftl,M., Simon,M., Schuler,G., and Schultz,E.S.
Late syphilis mimicking a pseudolymphoma of the skin.
European Journal of Dermatology 2006. 16: 431-434.
Dorrie,J., Wellner,V., Kampgen,E., Schuler,G., and Schaft,N.
An improved method for RNA isolation and removal of melanin contamination from melanoma tissue: Implications for tumor antigen detection and amplification.
Journal of Immunological Methods 2006. 313: 119-128.
Ogilvie,A.L.J., Luftl,M., Antoni,C., Schuler,G., Kalden,J.R., and Lorenz,H.M.
Leukocyte infiltration and mRNA expression of IL-20, IL-8 and TNF-R p60 in psoriatic skin is driven by TNF-alpha.
International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 2006. 19: 271-278.
Veldman,C., Pahl,A., Beissert,S., Hansen,W., Buer,J., Dieckmann,D., Schuler,G., and Hertl,M.
Inhibition of the transcription factor Foxp3 converts desmoglein 3-specific type 1 regulatory T cells into Th2-like cells.
Journal of Immunology 2006. 176: 3215-3222.
Niedermeier,A., Worl,P., Barth,S., Schuler,G., and Hertl,M.
Delayed response of oral pemphigus vulgaris to rituximab treatment.
European Journal of Dermatology 2006. 16: 266-270.
Schuler,G., Ozalp,G.R., Hoffmann,B., Harada,N., Browne,P., and Conley,A.J.
Reciprocal expression of 17 alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase and aromatase cytochrome P450 during bovine trophoblast differentiation: a two-cell system drives placental oestrogen synthesis.
Reproduction 2006. 131: 669-679.
Schadendorf,D., Ugurel,S., Schuler-Thurner,B., Nestle,F.O., Enk,A., Brocker,E.B., Grabbe,S., Rittgen,W., Edler,L., Sucker,A., Zimpfer-Rechner,C., Berger,T., Kamarashev,J., Burg,G., Jonuleit,H., Tuttenberg,A., Becker,J.C., Keikavoussi,P., Kampgen,E., and Schuler,G.
Dacarbazine (DTIC) versus vaccination with autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: a randomized phase III trial of the DC study group of the DeCOG.
Annals of Oncology 2006. 17: 563-570.
Topf,S., Luftl,M., Neisius,U., Brabletz,T., Simon,M., Schuler,G., and Schultz,E.S.
Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris - an unusual variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
European Journal of Dermatology 2006. 16: 84-86.
Berger,T.G., Kiesewetter,F., Maczek,C., Bauer,N., Lueftl,M., Schuler,G., and Simon,M.
Psoriasis confined strictly to vitiligo areas - a Koebner-like phenomenon?
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2006. 20: 178-183.
Schaft N, Dorrie J, Muller I, Beck V, Baumann S, Schunder T, Kampgen E, Schuler G.
A new way to generate cytolytic tumor-specific T cells: electroporation of RNA coding for a T cell receptor into T lymphocytes.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 Dec 13;:1-10 [Epub ahead of print]
Berger TG, Dieckmann D, Efferth T, Schultz ES, Funk JO, Baur A, Schuler G.
Artesunate in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma--first experiences.
Oncol Rep. 2005 Dec;14(6):1599-603.
Schultz ES, Schuler G.
[Malignant melanoma Diagnosis and therapy.]
HNO. 2005 Sep 16; [Epub ahead of print] German.
Schuler-Thurner B, Schuler G.
[Vaccination therapy of melanoma]
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Aug;3(8):630-45. Review. German. No abstract available.
Gebhard KL, Veldman CM, Wassmuth R, Schultz E, Schuler G, Hertl M.
Ex vivo analysis of desmoglein 1-responsive T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells in patients with pemphigus foliaceus and healthy individuals.
Exp Dermatol. 2005 Aug;14(8):586-92.
Dieckmann D, Plottner H, Dotterweich S, Schuler G.
Activated CD4+ CD25+ T cells suppress antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but induce a suppressive phenotype only in CD4+ T cells.
Immunology. 2005 Jul;115(3):305-14.
Maczek C, Berger TG, Schuler-Thurner B, Schultz ES, Hamann A, Dunbar PR,
Cerundolo V, Steinkasserer A, Schuler G.
Differences in phenotype and function between spontaneously occurring melan-A-, tyrosinase- and influenza matrix peptide-specific CTL in HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients.
Int J Cancer. 2005 Jun 20;115(3):450-5.
Meyer RG, Britten CM, Siepmann U, Petzold B, Sagban TA, Lehr HA, Weigle B, Schmitz M, Mateo L, Schmidt B, Bernhard H, Jakob T, Hein R, Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B, Wagner SN, Drexler I, Sutter G, Arndtz N, Chaplin P, Metz J, Enk A, Huber C, Wolfel T.
A phase I vaccination study with tyrosinase in patients with stage II melanoma using recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA-hTyr).
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 May;54(5):453-67. Epub 2004 Dec 31.
Dieckmann D, Schultz ES, Ring B, Chames P, Held G, Hoogenboom HR,
Schuler G.
Optimizing the exogenous antigen loading of monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Int Immunol. 2005 May;17(5):621-35. Epub 2005 Apr 11.
Bekou V, Thoma-Uszynski S, Wendler O, Uter W, Schwietzke S, Hunziker T,
Zouboulis CC, Schuler G, Sorokin L, Hertl M.
Detection of laminin 5-specific auto-antibodies in mucous membrane and bullous
pemphigoid sera by ELISA.
J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Apr;124(4):732-40.
Zhang Y, Renkvist N, Sun Z, Schuler-Thurner B, Glaichenhaus N, Schuler G,
Boon T, van der Bruggen P, Colau D.
A polyclonal anti-vaccine CD4 T cell response detected with HLA-DP4 multimers
in a melanoma patient vaccinated with MAGE-3.DP4-peptide-pulsed dendritic cells.
Eur J Immunol. 2005 Apr;35(4):1066-75.
Berger TG, Strasser E, Smith R, Carste C, Schuler-Thurner B, Kaempgen E,
Schuler G.
Efficient elutriation of monocytes within a closed system (Elutratrade mark)
for clinical-scale generation of dendritic cells.
J Immunol Methods. 2005 Mar;298(1-2):61-72.
Hertl MS, Haendle I, Schuler G, Hertl M.
Rapid improvement of recalcitrant disseminated granuloma annulare upon
treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, infliximab.
Br J Dermatol. 2005 Mar;152(3):552-5.
Jacobi A, Antoni C, Manger B, Schuler G, Hertl M.
Infliximab in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Mar;52(3 Pt 1):522-6.
Niels Schaft, Jan Dörrie, Peter Thumann, Verena E. Beck, Ina Müller, Erwin S. Schultz, Eckhart Kämpgen, Detlef Dieckmann, and Gerold Schuler
Generation of an Optimized Polyvalent Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Vaccine by Transfecting Defined RNAs after Rather Than before Maturation
J Immunol 2005 174: 3087-3097.
Maczek C, Berger TG, Schuler-Thurner B, Schultz ES, Hamann A, Dunbar PR, Cerundolo V, Steinkasserer A, Schuler G.
Differences in phenotype and function between spontaneously occurring melan-A-, tyrosinase- and influenza matrix peptide-specific CTL in HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients.
Int J Cancer. 2005 Feb 1; [Epub ahead of print]
Neisius UW, Schuler G, Luftl M.
Hautarzt. 2005 Feb 2; [Epub ahead of print] German. No abstract available.
Seybold H, Simon M, Schuler G, Luftl M.
[Refractory cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis Erfolgreiche Sulfontherapie.]
Hautarzt. 2005 Jan 21; [Epub ahead of print] German.
Luftl M, Schuler G, Jungbluth AA.
Melanoma or not? Cancer testis antigens may help.
Br J Dermatol. 2004 Dec;151(6):1213-8.
Roeder C, Schuler-Thurner B, Berchtold S, Vieth G, Driesch PV, Schuler G, Luftl M.
MAGE-A3 is a frequent tumor antigen of metastasized melanoma.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2004 Nov 27; [Epub ahead of print]
Berger TG, Haendle I, Schrama D, Luftl M, Bauer N, Pedersen Ls LO, Schuler-Thurner B, Hohenberger W, Straten Pt P, Schuler G, Becker JC.
Circulation and homing of melanoma-reactive T cells to both cutaneous and visceral metastases after vaccination with monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Int J Cancer. 2004 Aug 20;111(2):229-37.
Thoma-Uszynski S, Uter W, Schwietzke S, Hofmann SC, Hunziker T, Bernard P, Treudler R, Zouboulis CC, Schuler G, Borradori L, Hertl M.
BP230- and BP180-specific auto-antibodies in bullous pemphigoid.
J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Jun;122(6):1413-22.
Veldman C, Hohne A, Dieckmann D, Schuler G, Hertl M.
Type I regulatory T cells specific for desmoglein 3 are more frequently detected in healthy individuals than in patients with pemphigus vulgaris.
J Immunol. 2004 May 15;172(10):6468-75.
Ju XS, Hacker C, Scherer B, Redecke V, Berger T, Schuler G, Wagner H, Lipford GB, Zenke M.
Immunoglobulin-like transcripts ILT2, ILT3 and ILT7 are expressed by human dendritic cells and down-regulated following activation.
Gene. 2004 Apr 28;331:159-64.
Jenne L, Sauter B, Thumann P, Hertl M, Schuler G.
Successful treatment of therapy-resistant chronic vegetating pyoderma gangrenosum with infliximab (chimeric antitumour necrosis factor antibody).
Br J Dermatol. 2004 Feb;150(2):380-2. No abstract available.
Witte V, Laffert B, Rosorius O, Lischka P, Blume K, Galler G, Stilper A, Willbold D, D'Aloja P, Sixt M, Kolanus J, Ott M, Kolanus W, Schuler G, Baur AS.
HIV-1 Nef mimics an integrin receptor signal that recruits the polycomb group protein Eed to the plasma membrane.
Mol Cell. 2004 Jan 30;13(2):179-90.
Schultz ES, Schuler-Thurner B, Stroobant V, Jenne L, Berger TG, Thielemanns K, van der Bruggen P, Schuler G.
Functional analysis of tumor-specific Th cell responses detected in melanoma patients after dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.
J Immunol. 2004 Jan 15; 172(2): 1304-10.
Mahler V, Vrtala S, Kuss O, Diepgen T, Suck R, Cromwell O, Fiebig H, Hartl A, Thalhamer J, Schuler G, Kraft D, Valenta R.
Vaccines for birch pollen allergy based on genetically engineered hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 Jan; 34(1): 115-122.
Thumann P, Luftl M, Moc I, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Schuler G, Jenne L.
Interaction of cutaneous lymphoma cells with reactive T cells and dendritic cells: implications for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.
Br J Dermatol. 2003 Dec; 149(6): 1128-42.
Thumann P, Moc I, Humrich J, Berger TG, Schultz ES, Schuler G, Jenne L.
Antigen loading of dendritic cells with whole tumor cell preparations.
J Immunol Methods. 2003 Jun 1;277(1-2):1-16.
Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B, Steinman RM.
The use of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Apr;15(2):138-47.
Schuler-Thurner B, Schultz ES, Berger TG, Weinlich G, Ebner S, Woerl P, Bender A, Feuerstein B, Fritsch PO, Romani N, Schuler G.
Rapid induction of tumor-specific type 1 T helper cells in metastatic melanoma patients by vaccination with mature, cryopreserved, peptide-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
J Exp Med. 2002 May 20;195(10):1279-88. Erratum in: J Exp Med. 2003 Feb 3;197(3):395.
Dieckmann D, Bruett CH, Ploettner H, Lutz MB, Schuler G.
Human CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory, contact-dependent T cells induce interleukin 10-producing, contact-independent type 1-like regulatory T cells [corrected].
J Exp Med. 2002 Jul 15;196(2):247-53. Erratum in: J Exp Med 2002 Aug 19;196(4):559. J Exp Med 2002 Sep 16;196(6):867.
Lutz MB, Schuler G.
Immature, semi-mature and fully mature dendritic cells: which signals induce tolerance or immunity?
Trends Immunol. 2002 Sep;23(9):445-9.
Berger TG, Feuerstein B, Strasser E, Hirsch U, Schreiner D, Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B.
Large-scale generation of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells for clinical application in cell factories.
J Immunol Methods. 2002 Oct 15;268(2):131-40.
Luftl M, Feng A, Licha E, Schuler G.
Dendritic cells and apoptosis in mycosis fungoides.
Br J Dermatol. 2002 Dec;147(6):1171-9.
Dieckmann D, Plottner H, Berchtold S, Berger T, Schuler G.
Ex vivo isolation and characterization of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties from human blood.
J Exp Med. 2001 Jun 4;193(11):1303-10.
Banchereau J, Schuler-Thurner B, Palucka AK, Schuler G.
Dendritic cells as vectors for therapy.
Cell. 2001 Aug 10;106(3):271-4. Review. No abstract available.
Thurner B., Röder C., Dieckmann D., Heuer M., Kruse M., Glaser A., Kämpgen E., Bender A., and Schuler G
Generation of large numbers of fully mature and stable dendritic cells from leukapheresis products for clinical appplication.
J. Immunol. Methods 223: 1-15, 1999
Thurner B., Haendle I., Röder C., Dieckmann D., Keikavoussi P., Jonuleit H., Bender A., Maczek C., Schreiner D., von den Driesch P., Bröcker E.B., Steinman R.M., Enk A., Kämpgen E., Schuler G
Vaccination with Mage-3A1 peptide-pulsed mature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells expands specific cytotoxic T cells and induces regression of some metastases in advanced stage IV melanoma.
J. Exp. Med. 190: 1669-1678, 1999
Eibl B., Ebner S., Duba C., Böck G., Romani N., Erdel M., Gächter A., Niederwieser D., and Schuler G
Dendritic cells generated from blood precursors of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients carry the Philadelphia translocation and can induce a CML-specific primary cytotoxic T-cell response.
Genes, Cromosomes & Cancer 20: 215-223, 1997
Heufler,C., Koch,F., Stanzl,U., Topar,G., Wysocka,M., Trichieri,G., Enk, A., Steinman, R.M., Romani, N., and G. Schuler
Interleukin-12 is produced by DC and mediates Th1 development as well as IFN gamma production by Th1 cells.
Eur. J. Immunol.26: 659,1996.
Koch F., Stanzl U., Jennewein P., Janke K., Heufler C., Kämpgen E., Romani N., Schuler G
High level IL-12 production by murine dendritic cells: Upregulation via MHC class II and CD40 molecules and downregulation by IL-4 and IL-10.
J. Exp. Med. 184:741,1996.
Romani N., Reider D., Heuer M., Ebner S., Eibl B., Niederwieser D., E. Kämpgen, Schuler G
Generation of mature dendritic cells from human blood: an improved method with special regard to clinical applicability.
J. Immunological Methods 196: 137,1996.
Romani, N., S. Gruner, D. Brang, E. Kämpgen, A. Lenz, B. Trockenbacher, G. Konwalinka, P. O. Fritsch, R. M. Steinman, and G. Schuler
Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood.
J. Exp. Med. 180:83,1994.
Kämpgen, E., F. Koch, C. Heufler, A. Eggert, L. L. Gill, S. Gillis, S. K. Dower, N. Romani, and G. Schuler
Understanding the dendritic cell lineage through a study of cytokine receptors.
J. Exp. Med. 179:1767,1994.
Lenz, A., M. Heine, G. Schuler, and N. Romani
Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells.
J. Clin. Invest. 92:2587,1993.
Inaba, K., R. M. Steinman, M. W. Pack, H. Aya, M. Inaba, T. Sudo, S. Wolpe, and G. Schuler
Identification of proliferating dendritic cell precursors in mouse blood.
J. Exp. Med. 175:1157,1992.
Heufler, C., F. Koch, and G. Schuler
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-1 mediate the maturation of murine epidermal Langerhans cells into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells.
J. Exp. Med. 167:700,1988.
Schuler, G. and R. M. Steinman.
Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro.
J. Exp. Med. 161:526,1985.
