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Prof. Dr. Alexander Steinkasserer (PhD)
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Leiter der Immunmodulatorischen Abteilung:
Immunmodulatorische Abteilung 
Research Interests:
Dendritic Cells: Immunology / Molecular Biology / Molecular Genetics / Biochemistry
The main focus of the current research efforts are concentrated around the Dendritic Cell (DC) biology. DC are the most potent antigen presenting cells. Once activated by DC's, T-cells can complete the immune response by interacting with other cells and targets for lysis. Therefore, DC's represent a very interesting cell type for gene therapy and vaccination strategies against tumors and viral infections. In order to become potent antigen presentig cells DC have to mature and during this process a whole variety of different gene transcripts are induced. The elucidation of the role and regulation of these transcripts is also a major focus of our research efforts. Furthermore, the interaction between DC and viruses (esp. HIV-1 and HSV-1) represents an additional major field of interest.
Special clinical interests:
Function and structure of DC specific molecules
Identification of DC specific gene transcripts
Elucidation of the role of DC during viral infections
DC and immunotherapy: establishment of transfection methods for the clinical use of genetic modified DC
Role of DC during induction of tolerance
Selected References:
Schierer S, Hesse A, Knippertz I, Kaempgen E, Baur AS, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A, Nettelbeck DM. Human dendritic cells efficiently phagocytose adenoviral oncolysate but require additional stimulation to mature. Int J Cancer. 2012 Apr 1;130(7):1682-94.
Theodoridis AA, Eich C, Figdor CG, Steinkasserer A. Infection of dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 induces rapid degradation of CYTIP, thereby modulating adhesion and migration. Blood. 2011 Jul 7;118(1):107-15.
Seifarth C, Littmann L, Resheq Y, Rössner S, Goldwich A, Pangratz N, Kerek F, Steinkasserer A, Zinser E. MCS-18, a novel natural plant product prevents autoimmune diabetes. Immunol Lett. 2011 Sep 30;139(1-2):58-67.
Goldwich A, Prechtel AT, Mühl-Zürbes P, Pangratz NM, Stössel H, Romani N, Steinkasserer A, Kummer M. Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) replicates in mature dendritic cells but can only be transferred in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Jun;89(6):973-9.
Knippertz I, Stein MF, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Müller I, Deinzer A, Steinkasserer A, Nettelbeck DM. Mild hyperthermia enhances human monocyte-derived dendritic cell functions and offers potential for applications in vaccination strategies. Int J Hyperthermia. 2011;27(6):591-603.
Ge W, Arp J, Lian D, Liu W, Baroja ML, Jiang J, Ramcharran S, Eldeen FZ, Zinser E, Steinkasserer A, Chou P, Brand S, Nicolette C, Garcia B, Wang H. Immunosuppression involving soluble CD83 induces tolerogenic dendritic cells that prevent cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation. 2010;90(11): 1145-56
Staab C, Mühl-Zürbes P, Steinkasserer A, Kummer M. Eukaryotic expression of functionally active recombinant soluble CD83 from HEK 293T cells. Immunobiology. 2010;215(9-10): 849-54
Chemnitz J, Turza N, Hauber I, Steinkasserer A, Hauber J. The karyopherin CRM1 is required for dendritic cell maturation. Immunobiology. 2010;215(5): 370-9
Zinser E, Rössner S, Littmann L, Lüftenegger D, Schubert U, Steinkasserer A.
Inhibition of the proteasome influences murine and human dendritic cell development in vitro and in vivo.
Immunobiology. 2009;214(9-10):843-51
Eisemann J, Prechtel AT, Mühl-Zürbes P, Steinkasserer A, Kummer M.
Herpes simplex virus type I infection of mature dendritic cells leads to reduced LMP7-mRNA-expression levels.
Immunobiology. 2009;214(9-10):861-7. Epub 2009 Jul 19.
Knippertz, I, Hesse, A, Schunder, T, Kampgen, E, Brenner, MK, Schuler, G, Steinkasserer, A, Nettelbeck, DM. Generation of Human Dendritic Cells That Simultaneously Secrete IL-12 and Have Migratory Capacity by Adenoviral Gene Transfer of hCD40L in Combination With IFN-gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY, 32 (5): 524-538 JUN 2009
Kummer M, Prechtel AT, Mühl-Zürbes P, Turza NM, Steinkasserer A.
HSV-1 upregulates the ARE-binding protein tristetraprolin in a STAT1- and p38-dependent manner in mature dendritic cells.
Immunobiology. 2009;214(9-10):852-60.
Chemnitz J, Turza N, Hauber I, Steinkasserer A, Hauber J.
The karyopherin CRM1 is required for dendritic cell maturation.
Immunobiology. 2009 Jun 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Hock, BD, Fernyhough, LJ, Gough, SM, Steinkasserer, A, Cox, AG, McKenzie, JL. Release and clinical significance of soluble CD83 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH, 33 (8): 1089-1095 AUG 2009
Jantsch, J., Turza, N., Volke, M., Eckardt, K. U., Hensel, M., Steinkasserer, A., Willam, C., and Prechtel, A. T. (2008). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery into murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by electroporation. Journal of Immunological Methods 337, 71-77.
Jantsch, J., Chakravortty, D., Turza, N., Prechtel, A. T., Buchholz, B., Gerlach, R. G., Volke, M., Glasner, J., Warnecke, C., Wiesener, M. S., Eckardt, K. U., Steinkasserer, A., Hensel, M., and Willam, C. (2008). Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced dendritic cell activation and function. Journal of Immunology 180, 4697-4705.
Knippertz, I., Hesse, A., Kaempgen, E., Schuler, G., Steinkasserer, A., and Nettelbeck, D. M. (2008). Induction of IL-12 secretion and migration of human dendritic cells by adenoviral gene transfer of CD40L and combined IFN-gammatreatment. Experimental Dermatology 17, 257.
Kummer, M., Turza, N. M., Muhl-Zurbes, P., Lechmann, M., Boutell, C., Coffin, R. S., Everett, R. D., Steinkasserer, A., and Prechtel, A. T. (2008). Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces CD83 degradation in mature dendritic cells with immediate-early kinetics via the cellular proteasome. Experimental Dermatology 17, 256.
Littmann, L., Rossner, S., Kerek, F., Steinkasserer, A., and Zinser, E. (2008). Modulation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and B-cells by MCS-18 a natural product isolated from Helleborus purpurascens. Immunobiology 213, 871-878.
Prechtel, A. T., Turza, N. M., Theodoridis, A. A., and Steinkasserer, A. (2008). CD83 knockdown in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by small interfering RNA leads to a diminished T cell stimulation. Experimental Dermatology 17, 257.
Reinwald, S., Wiethe, C., Westendorf, A. M., Breloer, M., Probst-Kepper, M., Fleischer, B., Steinkasserer, A., Buer, J., and Hansen, W. (2008). CD83 expression in CD4(+) T cells modulates inflammation and autoimmunity. Journal of Immunology 180, 5890-5897.
Rossner, S., Zinser, E., Menges, M., Wiethe, C., Littmann, L., Hanig, J., Steinkasserer, A., and Lutz, M. B. (2008). Minor role of bystander tolerance to fetal calf serum in a peptide-specific dendritic cell vaccine model against autoimmunity - Comparison with serum-free cultures. Journal of Immunotherapy 31, 656-664.
Wiethe, C., Steinkasserer, A., Lutz, M., and Gessner, A. (2008). Dendritic cell differentiation state and their interaction with NKT cells determines Th1/Th2 differentiation in the murine model of Leishmania major infection. Experimental Dermatology 17, 262.
Wiethe, C., Debus, A., Mohrs, M., Steinkasserer, A., Lutz, M., and Gessner, A. (2008). Dendritic cell differentiation state and their interaction with NKT cells determine Th1/Th2 differentiation in the murine model of Leishmania major infection. Journal of Immunology 180, 4371-4381.
Zinser, E. and Steinkasserer, A. (2008). Published studies reporting the efficacy of soluble CD83 in vitro as well as in vivo. Immunology Letters 115, 18-19.
Zinser, E., Horstmann, B., Turza, N. M., Kerek, F., and Steinkasserer, A. (2008). MCS-18, a novel natural product isolated from Helleborus purpurascensinhibits DC activation and prevents autoimmunity. Experimental Dermatology 17, 258.
Elsemann, J., Muehl-Zuerbes, P., Steinkasserer, A., and Kummer, M. (2007). Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type I interferes with the interferon signaling pathway. Immunobiology 212, 877-886.
Horstinann, B., Zinser, E., Turza, N., Kerek, F., and Steinkasserer, A. (2007). MCS-18, a novel natural product isolated from Helleborus purpurascens, inhibits dendritic cell activation and prevents autoimmunity as shown in vivo using the EAE model. Immunobiology 212, 839-853.
Theodorldis, A. A., Prechtel, A. T., Turza, N. M., Zenke, M., and Steinkasserer, A. (2007). Infection of human dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically diminishes the mRNA levels of the prostaglandin E-2 receptors EP2 and EP4. Immunobiology 212, 827-838.
Lundell AC, Adlerberth I, Lindberg E, Karlsson H, Ekberg S, Aberg N, Saalman R, Hock B, Steinkasserer A, Hesselmar B, Wold AE, Rudin A
Increased levels of circulating soluble CD14 but not CD83 in infants are associated with early intestinal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2007;37(1): 62-71
Lundell AC, Andersson K, Josefsson E, Steinkasserer A, Rudin A.
Soluble CD14 and CD83 from Human Neonatal Antigen-Presenting Cells Are Inducible by Commensal Bacteria and Suppress Allergen-Induced Human Neonatal Th2 Differentiation.
Infect Immun. 2007 Aug;75(8):4097-104. Epub 2007 May 25.
Prechtel AT, Turza NM, Theodoridis AA, Steinkasserer A.
CD83 knockdown in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by small interfering RNA leads to a diminished T cell stimulation.
J Immunol. 2007 May 1;178(9):5454-64.
Marzi A, Möller P, Hanna SL, Harrer T, Eisemann J, Steinkasserer A, Becker S, Baribaud F, Pöhlmann S
Analysis of the interaction of Ebola virus glycoprotein with DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin) and its homologue DC-SIGNR.
J Infect Dis. 2007;196 Suppl: S237-46
Kummer M, Turza NM, Muhl-Zurbes P, Lechmann M, Boutell C, Coffin RS,
Everett RD, Steinkasserer A, Prechtel AT.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Induces CD83 Degradation in Mature
Dendritic Cells with Immediate Early Kinetics via the Cellular
Proteasome.
J Virol. 2007 Apr 11;
Prechtel AT, Steinkasserer A.
CD83: an update on functions and prospects of the maturation marker of
dendritic cells.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 Mar 4;
Chaipan C, Soilleux EJ, Simpson P, Hofmann H, Gramberg T, Marzi A, Geier M, Stewart EA, Eisemann J, Steinkasserer A, Suzuki-Inoue K, Fuller GL, Pearce AC, Watson SP, Hoxie JA, Baribaud F, Pohlmann S.
DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets.
J Virol. 2006 Sep;80(18):8951-60.
Zinser E, Lechmann M, Golka A, Hock B, Steinkasserer A.
Determination of the inhibitory activity and biological half-live of soluble CD83: Comparison of wild type and mutant isoforms.
Immunobiology. 2006;211(6-8):449-53. Epub 2006 Jul 5.
Prechtel AT, Turza NM, Theodoridis AA, Kummer M, Steinkasserer A.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery into monocyte-derived dendritic cells by electroporation.
J Immunol Methods. 2006 Apr 20;311(1-2):139-52. Epub 2006 Mar 6.
Hock BD, O'Donnell JL, Taylor K, Steinkasserer A, McKenzie JL, Rothwell AG, Summers KL.
Levels of the soluble forms of CD80, CD86, and CD83 are elevated in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Tissue Antigens. 2006 Jan;67(1):57-60.
Yilmaz A, Reiss C, Weng A, Cicha I, Stumpf C, Steinkasserer A, Daniel WG, Garlichs CD.
Differential effects of statins on relevant functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Dec 30; [Epub ahead of print]
Maczek C, Berger TG, Schuler-Thurner B, Schultz ES, Hamann A, Dunbar PR, Cerundolo V, Steinkasserer A, Schuler G.
Differences in phenotype and function between spontaneously occurring
melan-A-, tyrosinase- and influenza matrix peptide-specific CTL in HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients.
Int J Cancer. 2005 Jun 20;115(3):450-5.
Prechtel AT, Turza NM, Kobelt DJ, Eisemann JI, Coffin RS, McGrath Y, Hacker C, Ju X, Zenke M, Steinkasserer A.
Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically reduces lymphoid chemokine-mediated migration.
J Gen Virol. 2005 Jun;86(Pt 6):1645-57.
Lechmann M, Kotzor N, Zinser E, Prechtel AT, Sticht H, Steinkasserer A.
CD83 is a dimer: Comparative analysis of monomeric and dimeric isoforms.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Apr 1;329(1):132-9.
Kotzor N, Lechmann M, Zinser E, Steinkasserer A.
The soluble form of CD83 dramatically changes the cytoskeleton of dendritic cells.
Immunobiology. 2004;209(1-2):129-40.
Zinser E, Turza N, Steinkasserer A.
CNI-1493 mediated suppression of dendritic cell activation in vitro and in vivo.
Immunobiology. 2004;209(1-2):89-97.
Marzi A, Gramberg T, Simmons G, Moller P, Rennekamp AJ, Krumbiegel M, Geier M, Eisemann J, Turza N, Saunier B, Steinkasserer A, Becker S, Bates P, Hofmann H, Pohlmann S.
DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Interact with the Glycoprotein of Marburg Virus and the S Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
J Virol. 2004 Nov;78(21):12090-5.
Zinser E, Lechmann M, Golka A, Lutz MB, Steinkasserer A.
Prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by soluble CD83.
J Exp Med. 2004 Aug 2;200(3):345-51.
Hock BD, Haring LF, Steinkasserer A, Taylor KG, Patton WN, McKenzie JL.
The soluble form of CD83 is present at elevated levels in a number of hematological malignancies.
Leuk Res. 2004 Mar; 28(3): 237-41.
Yilmaz A, Reiss C, Tantawi O, Weng A, Stumpf C, Raaz D, Ludwig J, Berger T, Steinkasserer A, Daniel WG, Garlichs CD.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress maturation of human dendritic cells: new implications for atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis. 2004 Jan; 172(1): 85-93.
Nimmerjahn F, Kobelt D, Steinkasserer A, Menke A, Hobom G, Behrends U, Bornkamm GW, Mautner J.
Efficient generation and expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells by recombinant influenza viruses.
Eur J Immunol. 2003 Dec; 33(12): 3331-41.
Verdoodt, B., Blazek, T., Rauch, P., Schuler, G., Steinkasserer, A., Lutz, M.B., and Funk J.O.
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 are not essential in T cell anergy
Eur. J. Immunol. 2003, 33: 3154-3163.
Kumar A, Steinkasserer A, Berchtold S.
Interleukin-10 influences the expression of MRP8 and MRP14 in human dendritic cells.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003 Sep; 132(1): 40-7.
Dudziak D, Kieser A, Dirmeier U, Nimmerjahn F, Berchtold S, Steinkasserer A, Marschall G, Hammerschmidt W, Laux G, Bornkamm GW.
Latent Membrane Protein 1 of Epstein-Barr Virus Induces CD83 by the NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.
J Virol. 2003 Aug 1;77(15):8290-8298.
Kobelt D, Lechmann M, Steinkasserer A.
The interaction between dendritic cells and herpes simplex virus-1.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2003;276:145-61.
Lechmann M, Berchtold S, Hauber J, Steinkasserer A.
CD83 on dendritic cells: more than just a marker for maturation.
Trends Immunol. 2002 Jun;23(6):273-5.
Lechmann M, Zinser E, Golka A, Steinkasserer A.
Role of CD83 in the immunomodulation of dendritic cells.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002 Oct;129(2):113-8.
Berchtold S, Muhl-Zurbes P, Maczek E, Golka A, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A.
Cloning and characterization of the promoter region of the human CD83 gene.
Immunobiology. 2002 Jul;205(3):231-46.
Lechmann M, Kremmer E, Sticht H, Steinkasserer A.
Overexpression, purification, and biochemical characterization of the extracellular human CD83 domain and generation of monoclonal antibodies.
Protein Expr Purif. 2002 Apr;24(3):445-52.
Lechmann M., D.J.E.B. Krooshoop, D. Dudziak, E. Kremmer, C. Kuhnt, C. G. Figdor, G.Schuler and A. Steinkasserer.
The Extracellular Domain of CD83 inhibits Dendritic Cell-mediated T-cell Stimulation and binds to a Ligand on Dendritic cells.
J. Exp. Med. 2001 Dec 17;194(12):1813-21.
Kruse M, E. Meinl , G. Henning, C. Kuhnt, S. Berchtold, T. Berger, G. Schuler, and A. Steinkasserer .
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) is expressed on mature CD83+ dendritic cells and is up-regulated by IL-1beta.
J. Immunol. 2001 Aug 15;167(4):1989-95.
Jenne L, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A.
Viral vectors for dendritic cell-based Immunotherapy.
Trends Immunol. 2001 Feb;22(2):102-7, Review
Funk JO, Walczak H, Voigtländer C, Berchtold S, Baumeister T, Rauch P, Rößner S, Steinkasserer A, Schuler G, Lutz M.
Resistance to apoptosis and continuous proliferation of dendritic cells deficient for TNFR1.
J. Immunology 165(9):4792-4796. (2000)
Strobel I, Berchtold S, Götze, A Schulze U, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A
Human Dendritic Cells Transfected with either RNA or DNA Encoding Influenza Matrix Protein M1 Differ in their Ability to Stimulate Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.
Gene Therapy 7, 2028-2035. (2000)
Strobel I, Krumbholz M, Menke A, Hoffmann E, Dunbar PR, Bender A, Hobom G, Steinkasserer A, Schuler G, Grassmann R. (2000).
Efficient expression of the tumor-associated antigen MAGE-3 in human dendritic cells using an avian influenza virus vector.
Human Gene Therapy 11 (16): 2207-2218.
Kruse M., Rosorius O., Krätzer F., Bevec D., Kuhnt C., Steinkasserer A., Schuler G. and Hauber J.
Inhibition of CD83 cell surface expression during dendritic cell maturation by interference with nuclear export of CD83 mRNA.
J. Exp Med. 191(9):1581-1590. (2000)
Kruse M, O. Rosorius, F. Krätzer, G. Stelz, C. Kuhnt, G. Schuler, J. Hauber and A. Steinkasserer.
Mature Dendritic Cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type I are Inhibited in their T-Cell Stimulatory Capacity.
J. Virology 74 (15) 7127-7136. (2000)
Berchtold S, Mühl-Zurbes P, Heufler C, Winklehner P, Schuler G, Steinkasserer A.
Cloning, recombinant expression and biochemical characterization of the murine CD83 molecule which is specifically upregulated during dendritic cell maturation.
FEBS Letters, 461(3):211-6 (1999)
Berchtold S., Ogilvie A.L.J., Bogdan C., Mühl-Zürbes P., Ogilvie A., Schuler G., Steinkasserer A.,
Human manocyte derived dendritic cells express functional P2X and P2Y receptors as well as ecto-nucleotidases.
FEBS-Letters, 458, 424-428. (1999)
Berchtold S., Jones T., Mühl-Zürbes P., Sheer D., Schuler G., Steinkasserer A.
The human dendritic cell marker CD83 maps to chromsome 6p23
Annals of Human Genetics.63(2),181-183. (1999)
Ali A.S., Joao H.C., Hammerschmid., Eder J., Steinkasserer A.
Transferrin trojan horses: a rational approach for the biological delivery of therapeutic peptide domains.
J. Biol. Chem. 274(34):24066-73. (1999)
Ali S.A., Joao H.C., Hammerschmid F., Eder J., Steinkasserer A.
An antigenic HIV-1 peptide sequence engineered into the surface structure of transferrin does not elicit an antibody response.
FEBS Lett 459(2), 230-23. (1999)
Steinkasserer A., Harrison R., Billich A., Hammerschmid F., Werner G., Wolff B., Peichl P., Palfi G., Schnitzel W., Mlynar E., Rosenwirth B.
Mode of action of SDZ NIM 811, a non immunosuppressive cyclosporin A analog with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Interference with early and late events in HIV-1 replication.
J. Virol. 69, 814-824. (1995)
Ali S., Steinkasserer A.
PCR-Ligation-PCR (PLP) mutagenesis: A protocol for creating gene fusions and mutations.
BioTechniques 18, 746-750. (1995)
Butcher C., Steinkasserer A., Tejura S., Lennard A.C.,
Comparison of two promoters controlling expression of secreted and intracellular IL-1 receptor antagonist.
J. Immunology 153, 701-711. (1994)
Steinkasserer A., Spurr N., Cox, A., Jeggo P., Sim B.,
The human IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) maps to chromosome 2q14-21, in the region of the IL-1alpha and IL-1beta loci.
Genomics 13 , 654-657. (1992)
Steinkasserer A., Kölble K., Sim R.B.,
Length variation within intron 2 of the human Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.
Nucleic Acids Research 19,5095. (1991)
